Risky or Not?

A short podcast about everyday risks from germs

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A person is cleaning a reddish-orange spill inside a refrigerator using a scrub brush and a bowl of water. Some food items, like eggs, milk, and condiments, have been removed and sit on the counter. The refrigerator shelves hold strawberries, jars, and bottles, creating a tidy but active cleaning scene.

761. Cleaning the Fridge With Water Only

April 21, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from cleaning refrigerator shelves using water only.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Domestic and Indoor Microbiology - ScienceDirect
  • Surface Sanitation and Microbiological Food Quality of a University Foodservice Operation
  • Domestic Refrigeration Practices with Emphasis on Hygiene: Analysis of a Survey and Consumer Recommendations - ScienceDirect
  • Microbiological Safety of Domestic Refrigerators and the Dishcloths Used To Clean Them in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico - ScienceDirect
April 21, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Cleaning, Water, Refrigerator

A panicked man frantically refills multiple plastic water jugs at a kitchen sink. His wide-eyed, stressed expression suggests urgency or impending crisis. The countertop and sink are crowded with empty jugs, and water spills slightly as he struggles to keep up with the task.

758. Reusing Plastic Drinking Water Jugs Without Washing

April 14, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from reusing plastic drinking water jugs without washing.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Gregory Koch: "Me wearing my #RiskyOrNot no waffles shirt for Passover. @bugcounter.bsky.social @benjaminchapman.bsky.social" — Bluesky
  • Quantifying the Influence of Relative Humidity, Temperature, and Diluent on the Survival and Growth of Enterobacter aerogenes - ScienceDirect
  • Draft Genome Sequence for Klebsiella michiganensis B199A, Originally Identified as Enterobacter aerogenes | Microbiology Resource Announcements
  • Matt Igo | LinkedIn
  • Aqua North Carolina | Essential Utilities
April 14, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Water, Cross-contamination

A man in cozy pajamas stands in his softly lit bedroom, pouring a glass of water into a sleek white humidifier on the floor. The room features a neatly made bed, a bedside table with a lamp, and a window with slightly open curtains, creating a warm, calm atmosphere.

736. Reusing Old Sleep-Water in Cold Humidifiers

February 21, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using water from a bedside glass to refill a humidifier.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Molecular analysis of single room humidifier bacteriology - ScienceDirect
  • Severe neonatal legionellosis associated with use of home humidifiers – A case report - ScienceDirect
  • Legionella - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
  • A review of legionnaires’ disease and public water systems – Scientific considerations, uncertainties and recommendations - ScienceDirect


February 21, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Water, Humidifier, Cross-contamination, Legionella

DALL·E - An elderly man with wrinkles and white hair, dressed in full kayaking gear including a life jacket, helmet, and paddling gloves, jumping enthusiastically under a ceiling fan.

671. Older Man Kayaking With Fresh Wounds in Water Which Regularly Fails Coliform Tests

September 23, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of kayaking with fresh wounds in water which regularly fails coliform tests while elderly.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • Kayaking - Wikipedia
  • Paddle Board vs. Kayak: Which should you buy? | THURSO SURF
  • Lower Raritan Watershed Partnership | Sharing information about New Jersey’s Lower Raritan Watershed.


September 23, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Water, Coliforms, Wound infection

DALL·E - A cup of coffee placed on an airline tray table, with a mysterious and eerie atmosphere. The coffee is steaming, but the steam forms into strange shapes.

659. Drinking Coffee or Tea on an Airplane

August 26, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from drinking coffee or tea brewed on an airplane.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Why You Shouldn't Order Coffee or Tea on an Airplane
  • 2019 Airline Water Study by CUNY's Hunter Col | EurekAlert!
  • IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Bacteria that Travel: The Quality of Aircraft Water
  • IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Microbial Contamination in the Coffee Industry: An Occupational Menace besides a Food Safety Concern?
  • Factors That Impact Survival of Salmonella during Storage of Beans and Batch Production of Cold Brew Coffee
August 26, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Coffee, Tea, Airplane, Water

DALL·E - A clear glass electric kettle is placed on a kitchen counter. Inside the kettle, water is boiling vigorously, with visible bubbles and steam rising…

601. Reusing Electric Kettle Water

April 12, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of reusing electric kettle water.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • 102. Perpetual Stew — Risky or Not?
  • Aqua | North Carolina
  • Amazon.com: Capresso 259.04 H2O Plus Water Kettle, Matte Silver, 48-Ounce: Electric Kettle: Home & Kitchen
  • Amazon.com: CACHOO Electric Gooseneck Kettle with Coffee Dripper, Pour Over Coffee Kettle, Hot Water Boiler with Temperature Control, Stainless Steel, LED Display, Auto Shut-off and Keep Warm, 1000W/1L: Home & Kitchen
April 12, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Water, Electric Kettle

DALL·E - An illustration of a neti pot made of ceramic, gently pouring a clear stream of water. In the foreground, a magnifying glass hovers over the stream, revealing happy little bacteria.

597. Using a Netipot with Tap Water

April 03, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using a netipot with tap water.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Death by neti pot: Why you shouldn’t use tap water to clean your sinuses | Ars Technica
  • Early Release - Acanthamoeba Infection and Nasal Rinsing, United States, 1994–2022 - Volume 30, Number 4—April 2024 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
  • Neti pot: Can it clear my nose? - Mayo Clinic
  • Amazon.com: Ceramic Neti Pot for Nasal Sinus Cleansing Wash Irrigation Relief - Microwave and Dishwasher Safe - Petite : Health & Household
  • Can Expired Pancake Mix Kill You? | POPSUGAR Food
  • An unusual case of anaphylaxis. Mold in pancake mix - PubMed
  • Henry (patient) | House Wiki | Fandom
April 03, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Netipot, Water, Acanthamoeba, Naegleria fowleri

DALL·E - Imagine a serene Swiss lake, reflecting the beauty of the surrounding landscape with a majestic water jet in the center. This jet is teeming with microbes.

591. Drinking Water From Switzerland's 7,000 Lakes

March 20, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of drinking untreated lakewater from Switzerland.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • IAFP Post on LinkedIn
  • European Symposium - International Association for Food Protection
  • Jet d'Eau - Wikipedia
  • National Surface Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NAWA)
  • Increased Levels of Multiresistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes after Wastewater Treatment and Their Dissemination into Lake Geneva, Switzerland - PMC
March 20, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Water, Switzerland, International Association for Food Protection

DALL·E - a pot of water on a stove teeming with bacteria

550. Water for Cooking Held in the Danger Zone

December 15, 2023 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of holding water used for cooking in a restaurant in the danger zone all day.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • FDA Food Code | FDA
  • FDA Food Code PDF
  • FDA Job Aid Time and Temperature Control for Safety Food


December 15, 2023 /Don Schaffner
Water, Time temperature control for safety

DALL·E Kids on a lawn playing in a water sprinkler in the style of norman rockwell

506. Kids on Lawns Irrigated With Water Containing Pathogenic E. coli

September 04, 2023 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of letting your kids play on a lawn 24 hours after that lawn has been irrigated with water containing pathogenic E. coli.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • Justin Ekins on X: "@benjaminchapman @bugcounter would it be #RiskyOrNot if my kids played on the lawn watered by this E. Coli contaminated water 24 hours after shutting off the sprinklers? https://t.co/5CKbLVELOd" / X
  • More E. coli cases appear in Lehi; city taking steps to treat irrigation water | News, Sports, Jobs - Daily Herald
  • Lehi City - Lehi City
  • E. Coli Information - Lehi City
  • Survival of Escherichia coli in the environment: fundamental and public health aspects - PMC
  • Pressurized Irrigation - Lehi City
September 04, 2023 /Don Schaffner
Water, Cross-contamination, E. coli

DALL·E - Children bobbing for apples in the style of Norman Rockwell

451. Bobbing for Apples

April 28, 2023 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of bobbing for apples.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • 316. Using Cups to Scoop Water Out of a Shared Bowl — Risky or Not?
  • bobbing for apples - Google Scholar
  • Bobbing For Apples Could Be Bad For Your Health | LittleThings.com
  • Halloween Food Safety Tips for Parents | FDA
  • Is Bobbing For Apples Safe? Dangers Lurk In This Fall Tradition
  • Bobbing for apples, the silent danger this Halloween · TheJournal.ie
April 28, 2023 /Don Schaffner
Apples, Halloween, Cross-contamination, Water

DALL·E: a wet slice of pepperoni pizza floating in a pool

448. Pool Pizza

April 21, 2023 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating a slice of pizza dipped momentarily in a pool.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

Mystery Guest 1 - not risky 👍🏼
Mystery Guest 2 - not risky 👍🏼

  • pizza - Risky or Not?
  • CDC Online Newsroom | Press Release | CDC study finds fecal contamination in pools
April 21, 2023 /Don Schaffner
Pizza, Water, Cross-contamination
DALL·E 2022-12-17 17.02.18 - cans of water in a boiling water bath canner

394. Home Canning Water

December 16, 2022 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using a boiling water bath canning method for canning water for long-term storage.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Risky or Not Water Episodes
  • Fact check: Plastic water bottles leach chemicals, but not dioxins
  • NCHFP Factsheets on Home Canning Water
  • Quantifying the Influence of Relative Humidity, Temperature, and Diluent on the Survival and Growth of Enterobacter aerogenes | Journal of Food Protection
December 16, 2022 /Don Schaffner
Water, Canning

363. Transporting Watermelons in a Grass Lined Flume

October 05, 2022 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of transporting watermelons from the field to post harvest in a grass lined flume

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • Joe Holt on Twitter: "@bugcounter @benjaminchapman transporting watermelons in a grass lined flume, or something. Risky or not?" / Twitter
  • Internalization of Listeria monocytogenes in cantaloupes during dump tank washing and hydrocooling - ScienceDirect
  • https://ucfoodsafety.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk7366/files/inline-files/223990.pdf
  • https://www.fda.gov/media/116691/download
  • Development and Validation of a Mathematical Model for Growth of Pathogens in Cut Melons | Journal of Food Protection


October 05, 2022 /Don Schaffner
Melons, Water

348. Drinking a Glass of Polluted Water From a ‘Holy River’

August 31, 2022 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of drinking drinking a glass of polluted water from a ‘holy river’, with bonus content from Ben's vacation.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • Ashok Swain on Twitter: "Punjab Chief Minister openly drinks a glass of polluted water from a ‘holy river’ to prove that water is clean. Now admitted to hospital. https://t.co/MH1OLwUlUw" / Twitter
  • Latest Golf News - PGA TOUR
  • Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema
  • CDC - DPDx - Giardiasis
  • CDC - DPDx - Cryptosporidiosis
  • Recreational Water Quality Criteria and Methods | US EPA
  • Understanding Water Quality on Bass Lake
  • Water ingestion during swimming activities in a pool: A pilot study | Journal of Water and Health | IWA Publishing
August 31, 2022 /Don Schaffner
Water, Fecal pollution, E. coli

316. Using Cups to Scoop Water Out of a Shared Bowl

June 17, 2022 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using cups to scoop water out of a shared bowl when it's really hot out.

Dr. Don️ - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • chefcollinsevents on Twitter: "Helping someone do a event in city and we are using cups to scoop water out of this bowl to drink and we argued if #riskyornot @benjaminchapman @bugcounter (I think it’s fine it’s 90degrees out) https://t.co/3bVatuAtHn" / Twitter
  • Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool - PMC
  • Norovirus Outbreaks Reported to NoroSTAT, Figure | CDC
  • Did You Just Eat That?: Two Scientists Explore Double-Dipping, the Five ... - Paul Dawson, Brian Sheldon - Google Books
June 17, 2022 /Don Schaffner
Water, Cross-contamination, Norovirus, Saliva, Double dipping

242. Brushing Teeth With Well Water

December 27, 2021 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of brushing teeth with well water in a town in Ontario.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Helpless - YouTube
  • Omemee, Ontario - Wikipedia
  • Walkerton E. coli outbreak - Wikipedia
  • Set it and forget it! The greatest infomercial tagline? - YouTube
  • Medical officer of health - Wikipedia
  • Cryptosporidium in Milwaukee’s water supply caused widespread illness
December 27, 2021 /Don Schaffner
Water, Waterborne disease, Brushing teeth
*

*

175. Drinking From the Bathroom Tub

July 23, 2021 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from drinking from the bathroom tub.

Dr. Don - nicht riskant 👍🏼
Professor Ben - riskant ☣️

  • Impact of prescribed cleaning and disinfectant use on microbial contamination in the home - Medrano‐Félix - 2011 - Journal of Applied Microbiology - Wiley Online Library
  • Microbiological Hazards of Household Toilets: Droplet Production and the Fate of Residual Organisms | Applied Microbiology
  • Toilet hygiene—review and research needs - Abney - - Journal of Applied Microbiology - Wiley Online Library
  • Bathroom-stored grocery bag fingered in norovirus outbreak | CIDRAP
July 23, 2021 /Don Schaffner
Toilet aerosols, Bathrooms, Water, Tubs
137.png

137. Tap Water in Mexico

April 26, 2021 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of drinking tap water in Mexico.

  • Fecal Contamination of Drinking-Water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  • Unsafe waters: the hydrosocial cycle of drinking water in Western Mexico
  • Evaluation of water quality through the distribution system in Cancún, Mexico
  • An outbreak of norovirus infection caused by ice cubes and a leaking air ventilation valve
April 26, 2021 /Don Schaffner
Water, Mexico
114.png

114. Water Cooled Beverages

March 03, 2021 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from drinking beverages cooled natural water sources.
Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Recreational Water Quality Criteria and Methods | Water Quality Criteria | US EPA
  • Lettuce sickens 690 with Cyclospora - FDA finds link to Florida water | Food Poison Journal
  • EPA Giardia Factsheet
  • Recreational Water Illnesses (RWIs).
  • CDC - Parasites - Water
March 03, 2021 /Don Schaffner
Bathing, Drinking, Water
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