Risky or Not?

A short podcast about everyday risks from germs

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DALL·E - A poignant scene outdoors where a woman is giving direct mouth-to-mouth CPR to a baby rabbit. She is casually dressed without any medical equipment. Her cat looks on, ready to pounce.

607. Giving CPR to a Baby Rabbit

April 26, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of giving mouth-to-mouth CPR to a baby rabbit.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • sean: "today is a good day to remind everyone not to give wild rabbits mouth to mouth CPR" — Bluesky
  • Tularemia facts | American Veterinary Medical Association
  • Ecology of Tularemia in Central US Endemic Region | Current Tropical Medicine Reports
  • Tularemia - JAVMA, Vol 222, No. 6, March 15, 2003
  • Dr Ellie Murray, ScD on X: "Tularemia is a Category A pathogen, meaning its severity and transmissibility—and the fact that it’s relatively easy to get from wild rabbits—make it potentially modifiable into a bioweapon. Please don’t ever give a wild rabbit CPR." / X
  • CDC Tularemia | FAQ About Tularemia
  • How to deal with problem Rabbit in Delaware | WildlifeHelp.org


April 26, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Rabbit, Tularemia, Mouth, Mouth-to-mouth

DALL·E 2024-04-21 - Two mature men, approximately 45 and 55 years old, wearing traditional academic regalia consisting of black gowns, caps, and hoods, shaking hands.

606. Shaking Hands

April 24, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks posed by shaking hands.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Douglas (Alan) Powell | LinkedIn
  • Food Safety Talk 64: The One With Doug — Food Safety Talk
  • Learning through Teaching: A Microbiology Service-Learning Experience | Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
  • Relax—you actually don’t need to sanitize your food – TimeHorse
  • Harvard experts weigh in on the fate of the handshake — Harvard Gazette
  • Bowing Out of Shaking Hands? - Volume 28, Number 1—January 2022 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
April 24, 2024 /Don Schaffner

DALL·E - A close-up image of a woman's clean hands using a vegetable peeler to peel an extremely dirty carrot safely over a kitchen sink, with minimal dirt on her hands

605. Only Washing Your Veggies After Peeling

April 22, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of washing vegetables after peeling instead of before peeling.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Quantification of Transfer of Salmonella from Citrus Fruits to Peel, Edible Portion, and Gloved Hands during Hand Peeling - ScienceDirect
  • Role of Salmonella Newport cell surface structures on bacterial attachment and transfer during cucumber peeling | Letters in Applied Microbiology | Oxford Academic
  • Enterobacter aerogenes B199A May Be an Effective Surrogate for Quantifying Transfer of Salmonella Newport 96E01152C-TX from Cucumber Peel to Edible Flesh and Peeler during Peeling - ScienceDirect
April 22, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Vegetables, Peeling, Cross-contamination

DALL·E - A dark and ominous image showing a single small apple slice inside a tiny, translucent plastic bag resting on a kitchen counter.

604. A Cut Apple That Has Been to School Twice

April 20, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of sending a kid to school with a cut apple that has already been to school the day before.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • ComBase
  • Growth of Listeria monocytogenes within a Caramel-Coated Apple Microenvironment | mBio
  • Multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to whole apples used in commercially produced, prepackaged caramel apples: United States, 2014–2015 | Epidemiology & Infection | Cambridge Core
  • Survival of outbreak, food, and environmental strains of Listeria monocytogenes on whole apples as affected by cultivar and wax coating | Scientific Reports
  • Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in Fresh Apples and Caramel Apples - ScienceDirect
  • Prevalence of Listeria Species on Food Contact Surfaces in Washington State Apple Packinghouses | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
  • https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.177
  • Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995. Active Surveillance Team - PubMed
  • Foods | Free Full-Text | Updated Parameters for Listeria monocytogenes Dose–Response Model Considering Pathogen Virulence and Age and Sex of Consumer
April 20, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Apple, Cut fruit, Listeria, Time temperature control for safety food

DALL·E 2 - An idyllic water reservoir scene depicted with a serene and peaceful environment. The lake is surrounded by lush greenery, and the water is remarkably clear but there is something shaped like a human body floating face down in the water.

603. Drinking Water That Had a Body in It for a Month

April 17, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of drinking water from a reservoir that had a body in it for a month.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Center for Instructional Excellence Landing Page - Innovative Learning
  • Vision | Marvel's Avengers Assemble Wiki | Fandom
  • "On line" vs. "In line": Which Do You Say? - Dictionary.com
  • Highland Park reservoir broke EPA rules. It was never covered for drinking water safety. Why?
  • Steve Howe - Wikipedia
  • Highland Park, NJ | Home
  • Deep Purple - Smoke On the Water (Official Music Video) - YouTube
  • Wonderful Life (book) - Wikipedia
  • Progressive rock - Wikipedia
  • 450 Highland Ave - Google Maps
  • Shock the Monkey - Wikipedia
April 17, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Drinking water, Giardia, Cryptosporidium

Image from the video linked below

602. Hamburger Made With a Bun Touching Raw Meat

April 15, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating a burger made with the bun touching the raw meat during cooking.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • A Burger Scholar recreates the original White Castle slider 🤯 - YouTube
  • Our History - White Castle
  • Beastie Boys – Body Movin' Lyrics | Genius Lyrics
  • Beastie Boys – Get It Together Lyrics | Genius Lyrics
  • Beastie Boys – Slow and Low Lyrics | Genius Lyrics
  • Beastie Boys' 'Licensed to Ill': White Castle VP Discusses Album on 30th Anniversary | Billboard
April 15, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Hamburger, Cross-contamination, Beef, E. coli O157:H7

DALL·E - A clear glass electric kettle is placed on a kitchen counter. Inside the kettle, water is boiling vigorously, with visible bubbles and steam rising…

601. Reusing Electric Kettle Water

April 12, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of reusing electric kettle water.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • 102. Perpetual Stew — Risky or Not?
  • Aqua | North Carolina
  • Amazon.com: Capresso 259.04 H2O Plus Water Kettle, Matte Silver, 48-Ounce: Electric Kettle: Home & Kitchen
  • Amazon.com: CACHOO Electric Gooseneck Kettle with Coffee Dripper, Pour Over Coffee Kettle, Hot Water Boiler with Temperature Control, Stainless Steel, LED Display, Auto Shut-off and Keep Warm, 1000W/1L: Home & Kitchen
April 12, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Water, Electric Kettle

DALL·E - A clean-shaven man eating a big piece of very raw chicken. He looks very nauseous, with his eyebrows furrowed and a grimace on his face…

600. Eating Raw Chicken Every Day

April 10, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating raw chicken every day.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • Family Feud
  • Florida man takes on bizarre challenge of eating raw chicken every day | WFLA
  • Raw Chicken Experiment (@rawchickenexperiment) • Instagram photos and videos
  • April Fools' Day - Wikipedia
  • Baseline Data Raw Chicken Parts
  • USDA Progress Report Salmonella Campylobacter CY2014
  • Performance Standards Salmonella Verification Program for Raw Poultry Products | Food Safety and Inspection Service

Don wrote a small QMRA on this topic, available here https://go.rutgers.edu/rcQMRA

April 10, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Chicken, Salmonella, Campylobacter

DALL·E - Imagine a kitchen scene where an open refrigerator is the focal point. Inside the refrigerator, the bottom drawer is vividly filled with an assortment raw meats sitting in salty water.

599. Brining Meat in a Refrigerator Drawer

April 08, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of brining meat in a refrigerator drawer without secondary containment.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Dinosaurs on the Ark | Answers in Genesis
  • Mind the gap - Wikipedia
  • You guys use the Turkey Brining drawer in your fridge too right? : r/smoking

I tried to get a little creative and I told DALL·E to hide the episode number 599 somewhere in the picture, but I couldn't find it. Then I asked DALL·E to indicate the number with a red arrow and this image was the result. If you can find the number in the original image, the first one to prove it to me via the contact us link gets to pick an episode topic!

April 08, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Brining, Cross-contamination, Refrigerator

DALL·E - A very old-looking refrigerator with a slightly open door. Inside, a thermometer is visible, displaying a temperature of 45°F.

598. Laura's Misbehaving Fridge

April 05, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of storing food in a refrigerator that keeps food at 42-45 °F.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Changes to Cold Holding Temperatures and Date Marking- North Carolina Public Health
  • The “Danger Zone” Reevaluated | Food Safety
  • ComBase Home
  • Parameters for Determining Inoculated Pack/Challenge Study Protocols - ScienceDirect
April 05, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Time temperature control for safety food, Listeria

DALL·E - An illustration of a neti pot made of ceramic, gently pouring a clear stream of water. In the foreground, a magnifying glass hovers over the stream, revealing happy little bacteria.

597. Using a Netipot with Tap Water

April 03, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of using a netipot with tap water.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Death by neti pot: Why you shouldn’t use tap water to clean your sinuses | Ars Technica
  • Early Release - Acanthamoeba Infection and Nasal Rinsing, United States, 1994–2022 - Volume 30, Number 4—April 2024 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
  • Neti pot: Can it clear my nose? - Mayo Clinic
  • Amazon.com: Ceramic Neti Pot for Nasal Sinus Cleansing Wash Irrigation Relief - Microwave and Dishwasher Safe - Petite : Health & Household
  • Can Expired Pancake Mix Kill You? | POPSUGAR Food
  • An unusual case of anaphylaxis. Mold in pancake mix - PubMed
  • Henry (patient) | House Wiki | Fandom
April 03, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Netipot, Water, Acanthamoeba, Naegleria fowleri

DALL·E 20 - A piece of cheese that appears to be made entirely out of cashews, sitting on a wooden cheese board. The cheese should have an unusual and slightly unsafe look, like it contains dangerous bacteria.

596. Homemade Cashew Cheese

April 01, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of homemade cashew cheese.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • U.S. Consumer Practices of Homemade Nut-based Dairy Analogs and Soaked Nuts - ScienceDirect
  • Go-to Cashew Cheese Recipe | The Full Helping
  • Outbreak of S. Weltevreden linked to fermented cashew nut cheese in Victoria, BC
  • Weltevreden (How to Pronounce Cities of the World)💬⭐🌍✅ - YouTube
  • A Review of Outbreak Investigations of Salmonella Infections Associated with Cashews and Cashew-Containing Food Products in the U.S. | Food Safety
  • Food Safety Implications of Online Recipes for Preparing Soaked Nuts and Nut-Based Dairy Analogs. | Food Protection Trends | EBSCOhost
  • Fermentation of Aqueous Plant Seed Extracts by Lactic Acid Bacteria | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
  • ‎Safety of fermented foods. Assessing risks in fermented food processing practices and advice on how to mitigate them. Section 3.7 Plant-based cheese. Environmental Health Services, BC Centre for Disease Control.
April 01, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Fermentation, Cashews, Salmonella, Nut-based cheese

DALL·E - In this detailed scene set in the 1950s, we see a classic Chevrolet, identifiable by its distinctive design of that era, nestled into a deep snowbank, groceries in the open trunk, surrounded by temperature monitoring equipment.

595. Groceries in a Car Trunk in the Winter for Four and a Half Hours

March 29, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from consuming groceries stored in a car trunk in the winter for about four and a half hours.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Welsh language - Wikipedia
  • Story Arcs: 5 Elements, Examples & How To Write Them Well
  • Controlling Listeria monocytogenes in Post-lethality Exposed Ready-to-Eat Meat and Poultry Products | Food Safety and Inspection Service
  • Using car trunk as freezer during winter. : r/Frugal
  • Will meat remain safe in my trunk?
  • Do not leave these 8 things in your car during cold weather in winter
  • A Spring Spent Inside A Car Trunk: Tracking Temperature for 3 Months in the Midwest
  • Fav Jim Dickskin bit? : r/Letterkenny
  • Jim Dickens | Letterkenny Wiki | Fandom
  • Alex McCooeye - IMDb
March 29, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Time temperature control for safety food, Car trunk

DALL·E - Imagine a quaint scene set in a dimly lit, compact dorm room featuring a small, unplugged refrigerator with its door slightly ajar. Inside are pieces of sushi.

594. Expired Sushi in a Unplugged Refrigerator for 7 Hours

March 27, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating out of date sushi from a refrigerator that was unplugged for about seven hours.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Bug Juice Fruit Punch - The Nerdy Gourmet
  • Bug Juice Drink Recipe - Punch
  • Histamine fish poisoning: a common but frequently misdiagnosed condition - PubMed
  • Histamine - Wikipedia
  • FDA Chapter 7: Scombrotoxin (Histamine) Formation
  • Modelling the effect of temperature, carbon dioxide, water activity and pH on growth and histamine formation by Morganella psychrotolerans - ScienceDirect
March 27, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Sushi, Time temperature control for safety food

DALL·E - A photorealistic image of a succulent piece of fish, drenched in a vibrant tomato sauce, delicately wrapped in aluminum foil, presented on a pristine plate with Carlsbad dumplings.

593. Cooking With Aluminium Foil

March 25, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks posed by cooking with aluminum foil.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Aluminum | Public Health Statement | ATSDR
  • Leaching of aluminium from cookwares -- a review | Environmental Geochemistry and Health
  • The Effect of Cooking Conditions on Aluminum Concentrations of Seafood, Cooked in Aluminum Foil: Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology: Vol 29 , No 2
  • Aluminum contamination of food during culinary preparation: Case study with aluminum foil and consumers’ preferences - PMC
  • Karlovarský knedlík - Carlsbad dumpling - Czechology
  • Mofongo [Recipe + Video] How to Make an Amazing Plantain Dish
  • Traditional Puerto Rican Mofongo (25 Minutes!) | Salima's Kitchen
March 25, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Aluminium foil, Alzheimer's disease

DALL·E - Imagine a scene where a young man has just emerged from submerging his head into a vat full of pickles. The moment is captured as he lifts his head, a pickle in his mouth.

592. Eating Pickles From a Vat That a Man Dunked His Head Into

March 22, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating pickles from a vat that someone has dunked their head into.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Glassboro police searching for man accused of dunking head in pickle jar at Heritage store - 6abc Philadelphia
  • Sky blue beach chairs on West Main St #streetseats #street_seats #streetart #artiseverywhere #mendham #mendhamnj #mendhamboro #takeaseat | Instagram
  • Ordinance of the Borough of Mendham, in the County of Morris and State of New Jersey, Amending the Borough Code to Permit Outdoor Dining and Outdoor Seating to Facilitate Small Business Recovery Needed in Light of the Covid-19 Public Health Emergency
  • Mendham Borough, New Jersey - Wikipedia
  • dc _ bathrooms (@dc_bathrooms) • Instagram photos and videos
  • Official Website of the Borough of GlassboroOfficial Website of the Borough of Glassboro
  • 582. Soup After Someone Has Tasted That Soup From the Ladle in a Grocery Store Hot Bar — Risky or Not?
  • pickles - Risky or Not?


March 22, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Pickles, Cross-contamination, Hair

DALL·E - Imagine a serene Swiss lake, reflecting the beauty of the surrounding landscape with a majestic water jet in the center. This jet is teeming with microbes.

591. Drinking Water From Switzerland's 7,000 Lakes

March 20, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of drinking untreated lakewater from Switzerland.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • IAFP Post on LinkedIn
  • European Symposium - International Association for Food Protection
  • Jet d'Eau - Wikipedia
  • National Surface Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NAWA)
  • Increased Levels of Multiresistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes after Wastewater Treatment and Their Dissemination into Lake Geneva, Switzerland - PMC
March 20, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Water, Switzerland, International Association for Food Protection

DALL·E Image of boiled Yukon gold potatoes in a clear glass bowl, teeming with colorful, cartoon-style bacteria.

590. Kejni's Extra-Crispy Roast Potato Recipe

March 18, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of leaving boiled chunks of Yukon gold potatoes at room temperature overnight.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • J. Kenji López-Alt
  • James Neal (ice hockey) - Wikipedia
  • Last night I followed the beginning of my extra-crispy roast potato recipe (I boiled chunks of Yukon golds in water with salt and a pinch… | Instagram
  • Large Outbreak of Botulism: The Hazardous Baked Potato | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic
  • Restaurant-Associated Type a Botulism: Transmission by Potato Salad | American Journal of Epidemiology | Oxford Academic
  • Combined effect of water activity and pH on inhibition of toxin production by Clostridium botulinum in cooked, vacuum-packed potatoes | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
  • Presence and Significance of Bacillus cereus in Dehydrated Potato Products - ScienceDirect
  • Influence of temperature shifts on survival, growth, and toxin production by psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of Bacillus cereus in potatoes and chicken gravy - ScienceDirect
  • Presence and Growth of Bacillus cereus in Dehydrated Potato Flakes and Hot-Held, Ready-to-Eat Potato Products Purchased in New Zealand - ScienceDirect
  • 154. Michael Scott Bacon Method — Risky or Not?
March 18, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Potatoes, Botulism, Bacillus cereus

Here's the revised image, with the hamburger a bit hard to see, as if it's under a seat in the car.

589. Hamburger Left in Car for Three Days

March 15, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating a smelly hamburger left in car for three days.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • All-American Cheeseburger - Nearby For Delivery or Pick Up | Buffalo Wild Wings
  • McDonald's Burger Survives 20 Years and Still Looks Fresh off the Grill - Interesting Engineering
  • Control of Clostridium perfringens in Cooked Ground Beef by Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde, Thymol, or Oregano Oil during Chilling - ScienceDirect
March 15, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Beef, Hamburger, Clostridium perfringens

Here's the image of a swollen can of Surströmming, showcasing the high pressure inside due to the fermentation process. The can is set on a rustic wooden table, featuring a label with classic Swedish design elements.

588. Swollen Can of Surströmming

March 13, 2024 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating surströmming from a swollen can.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Surströmming - Wikipedia
  • Fermented and ripened fish products in the northern European countries - ScienceDirect
  • Discovering microbiota and volatile compounds of surströmming, the traditional Swedish sour herring - ScienceDirect
  • Safety of Fermented Fish Products - ScienceDirect
  • Fermented and ripened fish products in the northern European countries - ScienceDirect
  • Strictly anaerobic halophiles isolated from canned Swedish fermented herrings (Surströmming) - ScienceDirect
  • Swollen can of surströmming - SURSTRÖMMING - THE OFFICIAL STORE
March 13, 2024 /Don Schaffner
Fish, Botulism, Surströmming
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