205. Apple Pie on the Counter for Days

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of leaving a baked apple pie on the counter for days.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Shelf Life and Safety Concerns of Bakery Products—A Review: Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition: Vol 44, No 1
• Homemade Apple Pie - Best Recipe for Apple Pie
• Home - Texas Cottage Food Law
• https://www.fda.gov/files/food/published/Evaluation-and-Definition-of-Potentially-Hazardous-Foods.pdf
• Comparison of NSF and ABA Protocols to Determine Whether a Food Requires Time/Temperature Control for Safety - 2003 - Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety - Wiley Online Library
• USDA pie fillings, fruit, prepared
• An Outbreak of Gastrointestinal Disturbance Following the Eating of Chocolate Cream Pie | NEJM

204. Extra Blue, Blue Cheese

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating old extra blue, blue cheese.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Merch — Risky or Not?
• National Sportsball Association League | Sportsball | Know Your Meme
• Blue cheese - Wikipedia
• Modeling the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in mold-ripened cheeses - ScienceDirect
• Blue Cheese Crumbles - Emporium Selection | ALDI US

203. Homemade Cashew Cheese

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating homemade cashew cheese.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Merch — Risky or Not?
• Outbreak Investigation of Salmonella: Jule's Cashew Brie (April 2021) | FDA
• Nick Dawson on Twitter: "@bugcounter @benjaminchapman got one for ya. I'm vegan & very into fermenting. Been experimenting with cashew-based blue cheese. Starts by using acidophilus to kick start the cashew cream, then penicillium roqueforti. 6 weeks in fridge. Mine has some pinkish hues. Risky or not? https://t.co/7OqE57pFCA" / Twitter
• Outbreak of S. Weltevreden linked to fermented cashew nut cheese in Victoria, BC
• Nutritional, Microbial, and Allergenic Changes during the Fermentation of Cashew ‘Cheese’ Product Using a Quinoa-Based Rejuvelac Starter Culture
• Gastroenteritis Outbreak Associated with Unpasteurized Tempeh, North Carolina, USA
• Fermentation of Aqueous Plant Seed Extracts by Lactic Acid Bacteria | Applied and Environmental Microbiology

202. Mailing Fruit and Vegetable Infused Tequila

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of shipping Fruit and Vegetable Infused Tequila through the mail.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Merch — Risky or Not?
• IAFP Foundation - International Association for Food Protection
• Effect of Ethanol on the Growth of Clostridium botulinum | Journal of Food Protection
• Growth/no growth interfaces of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis in model systems based on water activity, pH, temperature and ethanol concentration - ScienceDirect
• How to Science Your Way to Better Spirit Infusions | PUNCH
• About Us - PUNCH
• How to Infuse Oils, Vinegars, Liquor or Honey (Without Making People Barf) | NC State News
• FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Origanum oil, thyme oil and related phenol derivative-containing flavoring ingredients - ScienceDirect

201. Bug in Your Margarita

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of a big bug landing in your huge Margarita.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Merch — Risky or Not?
• The GIANT Margarita Glasses Were Almost Enough To Save Natasha & Dr. Joe
• Quantitative Analysis of Houseflies-mediated Food Contamination with Bacteria
• Why a female fly will ruin your drink, but a male is fine | New Scientist
• The scent of the fly | bioRxiv

200. Unrefrigerated Breads That Contain Inclusions

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of unrefrigerated breads that contain inclusions (e.g. some focaccia breads).

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Merch — Risky or Not?
• Kathleen Turner - Wikipedia
• Hart Schaffner Marx
• William Schaffner, M.D. | Department of Health Policy
• Parameters for Determining Inoculated Pack/Challenge Study Protocols†,‡ | Journal of Food Protection
• Sausage Balls Recipe | MyRecipes
• Focaccia - Wikipedia

199. Exploding Strawberry Jars

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from storing sealed mason jars of washed strawberries in the refrigerator.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Merch — Risky or Not?
• Kevin Budnik
• Pruno: A Recipe for Botulism | Botulism | CDC
• FoodKeeper App | FoodSafety.gov
• Survival of Listeria monocytogenes on fresh and frozen strawberries
• Survival of Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) Stored under Controlled Atmosphere and Ozone
• ComBase Models Are Valid for Predicting Fate of Listeria monocytogenes on 10 Whole Intact Raw Fruits and Vegetables | Journal of Food Protection

198. Endless Pickles

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of reusing pickle brine to make more pickles.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Sarah Sorscher on Twitter: "Endless pickles, #riskyornot @benjaminchapman @bugcounter ?" / Twitter
• trash jones on Twitter: "when i finish a jar of pickles i cut up a cucumber and put the slices back in the jar until they pickle too. i call this endless pickles" / Twitter
• That Leftover Pickling Brine | Preserving Food at Home

197. Raw Meat Sashimi

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating raw chicken meat sashimi.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Benjamin Schrager on Twitter: "My paper on raw chicken in Japan just got published!! Risky but Raw: On (Not) Regulating One of the Most High-Risk Dishes in Japan Thank you to @Gastronomica for the smooth process and reviewers for their insightful feedback. https://t.co/2mp9FpESDo" / Twitter
• Risky but Raw | Gastronomica | University of California Press
• Assessment of the dose-response relationship of Campylobacter jejuni - PubMed

196. Raw Eggo Waffles

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating raw frozen Eggo waffles.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• (Ryan Dlugosz on Twitter: "@bugcounter @benjaminchapman I always assumed frozen waffles were ready to eat (see pic). Is it #riskyornot to eat them frozen? Fwiw I’m not a monster and I always lightly toast mine… but one of the kids prefers them frozen! https://t.co/o6PLdlVwYC" / Twitter
• Kellogg Co. recalls Eggo waffles after routine test shows Listeria | Food Safety News
• Food Safety Talk 12: Dueling Experts — Food Safety Talk
• Is Kellogg clueless about food safety? Public relations? | barfblog
• 'Stranger Things' caused an Eggo boom. Now sales are waffling
• Siracusa on Toasters — Liss is More
• Sunbeam 4 Slice Extra-wide Slot Toaster - Black Tssbtr4sbk : Target

195. Dishwasher Salmon

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating salmon cooked in a dishwasher.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Dishwasher salmon - Wikipedia
• Roasted Salmon | Partnership for Food Safety Education
• Dishwasher Cooking: Make Your Dinner While Cleaning The Plates : The Salt : NPR
• FSIS Salmonella Compliance Guidelines for Small and Very Small Meat and Poultry Establishments that Produce Ready-to-Eat (RTE) Products and Revised Appendix A | Food Safety and Inspection Service
• A method to evaluate factors influencing the microbial reduction in domestic dishwashers - Brands - 2020 - Journal of Applied Microbiology - Wiley Online Library
• Vincent Price on Johnny Carson - Cooking Segment - Nov, 21, 1975 - YouTube
• The Joy of Dishwasher Cooking | Mental Floss

194. Eating the Green Stuff From a Lobster

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating that green stuff from lobsters.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• To Eat or Not to Eat: Lobster Tomalley | Cook's Illustrated
• Food Safety Talk 226: So I've Got That Goin' for Me — Food Safety Talk
• Panera Bread Is Now Selling Lobster Rolls
• The Massachusetts Bay industrial waste site: A preliminary survey...

193. Undercooked Meat With a Low Level of a Pathogen Incubating in a Mouth for 12 Hours

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from having undercooked meat with a low level of a pathogen incubating in a mouth for 12 hours.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Jason Folster☣️ on Twitter: "@benjaminchapman @bugcounter Hopefully not but sure. Undercooked meat with a low level of pathogen incubating in a mouth for 12 hours. This conversation makes me want to floss IMMEDIATELY. 🤢" / Twitter
• 188. Reused Chewing Gum — Risky or Not?
• In silico analysis of the competition between Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus mutans in the dental biofilm - Valdebenito - 2018 - Molecular Oral Microbiology - Wiley Online Library
• Oral Infection by Staphylococcus Aureus in Patients Affected by White Sponge Nevus: A Description of Two Cases Occurred in the Same Family
• Nosocomial Infections - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
• Opportunistic infection - Wikipedia

Bonus Content: we had to delay our recording by a couple of days because Ben blew out his voice coaching hockey. As bonus content to all our listeners I want to share this delightful clip that Ben was kind enough to record.

192. Defrosting a Turkey in a Hot Tub

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of defrosting a turkey in a hot tub.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• chris ernt on Twitter: "Hey @bugcounter, defrosting a turkey in a hot tub, risky or not?" / Twitter
• Should You Use Chlorine or Bromine to Sanitize Your Hot Tub? - pHin
• How To Cook a Completely Frozen Turkey for Thanksgiving | Kitchn
• Let's Talk Turkey—A Consumer Guide to Safely Roasting a Turkey | Food Safety and Inspection Service
• Consumer Food Handling Recommendations: Is thawing of turkey a food safety issue?

191. Whole Veggies and Raw Meat in a Home Refrigerator at 50°F for Four Days *

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating whole veggies and raw meat in a home refrigerator at 50°F for four days

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

* Please listen to the entire episode, lots of necessary equivocation.

• Comprehensive evaluation of temperatures within home refrigerators
• Emergency Action Plan for Retail Food Establishment | Conference-Developed Guides and Documents | Conference for Food Protection
• Consumer Home Refrigeration Practices: Results of a Web-Based Survey | Journal of Food Protection
• ComBase
• Validation of Mathematical Models for Salmonella Growth in Raw Ground Beef under Dynamic Temperature Conditions Representing Loss of Refrigeration | Journal of Food Protection
• The Big Lebowski (1998) - IMDb

190. Fried Chicken at Room Temperature for 4 Hours

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating fried chicken held at room temperature for 4 hours.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• ComBase
• FSIS Compliance Guideline for Stabilization (Cooling and Hot-Holding) of Fully and Partially Heat-Treated RTE and NRTE Meat and Poultry Products Produced by Small and Very Small Establishments and Revised Appendix B June 2017 Compliance Guideline | Food Safety and Inspection Service

189. Epoxy Hotdog

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating a hotdog encased in epoxy for months.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

• Home of the epoxy hotdog, for all your epoxy hotdog needs!
• Putting A Whole Hot Dog In Epoxy Resin | DIY Epoxy Resin Art - YouTube
• 10 month epoxy hot dog update!
• Microbiological safety of processed meat products formulated with low nitrite concentration — A review
• Epoxy: A Complete Guide - Copps Industries

188. Reused Chewing Gum

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of reusing chewing gum.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavour (On the Bedpost Overnight?) - Wikipedia)
• • U.S.: consumption of chewing gum / bubble gum 2020 | Statista
• E: Water Activity Values of Select Food Ingredients and Products - Water Activity in Foods - Wiley Online Library
• Staphylococci in the oral flora of healthy children and those receiving treatment for malignant disease
• The wasted chewing gum bacteriome - PubMed
• Quantification and qualification of bacteria trapped in chewed gum - PubMed
• Gum Wall - Wikipedia

187. Recalled Listeria Muffins

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating muffins recalled due to environmental contamination by Listeria monocytogenes.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Veronica on Twitter: even MUFFINS are risky?!
• Muffins Sold At Evanston Sam's Club Recalled Due To Listeria | Evanston, IL Patch
• Give and Go Prepared Foods (U.S.A.) Corp. Conducts Voluntary Recall of Certain Muffin Products Due to Possible Health Risk | FDA
• Give and Go Prepared Foods photos
• Food Safety Talk 242: Invisible Poop Particles
• Listeria monocytogenes Dose Response Revisited

186. Barehanded Lemon Slices in Drinks at a Bar

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from a drink where the bartender has handled lemon slices with their bare hands.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

• Transfer of Escherichia Coli to Lemons Slices and Ice during Handling - Journal of Food Research
• Survival and Growth of Salmonella and Shigella on Sliced Fresh Fruit | Journal of Food Protection
• Survival of Salmonella on Lemon and Lime Slices and Subsequent Transfer to Beverages - International Association for Food Protection
• Microbial flora on restaurant beverage lemon slices - PubMed
• Is the lemon slice in your G&T harbouring bacteria? - Biomaster Protected | Blog