Risky or Not?

A short podcast about everyday risks from germs

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ChatGPT image description: An open paperboard takeout container sits inside a car, filled with brown rice and mixed vegetables including broccoli, carrots, peppers, onions, and snap peas. The food appears slightly wilted and dried after sitting in the warm car for several hours.

974. Leftover Rice Transported Out of Temperature Control for About 5 Hours

August 31, 2026 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating brown rice held out of temperature control for about five hours.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • A response surface model to describe the effect of temperature and pH on the growth of Bacillus cereus in cooked rice - PubMed
  • Model Bacillus Growth
  • Predictive model for growth of Bacillus cereus during cooling of cooked rice - ScienceDirect
  • Abhinav Mishra - People | Food Science & Technology
974. Leftover Rice Transported Out of Temperature Control for About 5 Hours
Risky or Not
Download
August 31, 2026 /Don Schaffner
Rice, Time temperature control for safety

ChatGPT image description: An open countertop air fryer sits on a kitchen counter with only a few tiny browned chicken fragments and crumbs scattered across the basket. The appliance appears otherwise empty, suggesting small leftovers remained after cooking and serving.

967. Eating Small Pieces of Chicken Left Behind in the Airfryer, Reheated Days Later

August 14, 2026 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating small pieces of chicken left behind in the airfryer, reheated days later.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Water activity - Wikipedia
  • New Interventions and Validation for the Control of Pathogens in the Processing of Jerky
967. Eating Small Pieces of Chicken Left Behind in the Airfryer, Reheated Days Later
Risky or Not
Download
August 14, 2026 /Don Schaffner
Chicken, Airfryer, Water activity, Time temperature control for safety

ChatGPT image description: A plate of golden-brown French toast sits forgotten on a kitchen counter. Syrup has pooled around the slices, and the meal appears untouched. The ordinary home setting suggests it has been left at room temperature for several hours, creating a subtle food-safety concern.

946. Yesterday's French Toast That Sat Out for 3 Hours Before Refrigeration

June 26, 2026 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating French toast that was made yesterday and sat out for 3 hours before refrigeration.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Europeans Finally Understand Why Americans Are Overweight 🤣 - YouTube
  • USDA Commercial Item Description Griddle Breads, Shelf Stable and Heat and Serve, Frozen (Waffles, Pancakes, French Toast, Belgian Waffles)
  • www.ChemistryIsLife.com - The Chemistry of French Toast
946. Yesterday's French Toast That Sat Out for 3 Hours Before Refrigeration
Risky or Not
Download
June 26, 2026 /Don Schaffner
French toast, Time temperature control for safety

ChatGPT image description: A horrified home cook realizes a bag of frozen mixed berries has been left out for two hours. Purple berry juice pools across the counter while a handwritten timing note and wall clock emphasize the mistake. The square image captures panic, thawing fruit, and a relatable kitchen food-safety dilemma.

933. Leaving Frozen Berries Out for 2 Hours, Refreezing and Reusing

May 27, 2026 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from leaving frozen berries out of refrigeration for 2 hours, refreezing and reusing later in a smoothie.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Microbiological Surveillance Sampling: FY 19-23 Frozen Berries (Strawberries, Raspberries and Blackberries) | FDA
  • Full report - Microbiological Surveillance Sampling: FY 19-23 Frozen Berries (Strawberries, Raspberries and Blackberries)
  • Occurrence of Selected Foodborne Pathogens on Frozen Berries Collected at Retail Level in Switzerland - ScienceDirect
  • Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by pathogens in food of non‐animal origin. Part 2 (Salmonella and Norovirus in berries) - - 2014 - EFSA Journal - Wiley Online Library
  • Cannon Mills - Wikipedia
933. Leaving Frozen Berries Out for 2 Hours, Refreezing and Reusing
Risky or Not
Download
May 27, 2026 /Don Schaffner
Berries, Frozen berries, Norovirus, Hepatitis A, Time temperature control for safety

Actual crazy car ranch lady.

929. Car Ranch

May 18, 2026 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating ranch dressing stored in a warm car for an extended period of time.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Instagram, Car Ranch
  • Models for the Inactivation of Foodborne Pathogens in Salad Dressing from Challenge Studies - ScienceDirect
  • Packaging for Sauces, Dips, Dressings & Marinades
  • Salad Dressing Challenge Study
  • Do You Need Microbial Challenge Testing? | Food Safety Magazine
929. Car Ranch
Risky or Not
Download
May 18, 2026 /Don Schaffner
Ranch dressing, Dressings and sauces, Challenge study, Time temperature control for safety

Actual screen capture from YouTube.

917. Making Butter While Running

April 20, 2026 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of making butter while running.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Making butter - YouTube
  • Dead Internet theory - Wikipedia
917. Making Butter While Running
Risky or Not
Download
April 20, 2026 /Don Schaffner
Butter, Running, Time temperature control for safety

This image is generated from Don's Perfringens Predictor analysis.

906. White Castle Burgers in a Cooler for 12 Hours

March 25, 2026 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating White Castle burgers in a cooler for 12 hours.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • White Castle (restaurant) - Wikipedia
  • Menu | Krystal Restaurants
  • Wilson, North Carolina - Wikipedia
  • Like a Local: Wilson | Our State
  • Conetoe, North Carolina - Wikipedia
  • Wendell, North Carolina - Wikipedia
  • Wendell Pierce - Wikipedia
  • SQFI | SQF Unites 2026
  • ComBase Home
  • USDA FSIS C. perfringens Risk Assessment Executive Summary
  • Incidence of Clostridium perfringens in Commercially Produced Cured Raw Meat Product Mixtures and Behavior in Cooked Products during Chilling and Refrigerated Storage - ScienceDirect
  • We tried White Castle from an airport vending machine. It was bleak. - The Washington Post
  • Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle - Wikipedia
906. White Castle Burgers in a Cooler for 12 Hours
Risky or Not
Download
March 25, 2026 /Don Schaffner
Burgers, Clostridium perfringens, Time temperature control for safety

Image description: Actual banana from Justin's post.

875. OneTrueJustin's Parents Half Eaten Banana

January 12, 2026 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from leaving a half a cut banana at room temperature for 24 hours.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • 14: Budnik's Banana — Risky or Not?
  • Justin Ekins on X: "@bugcounter @benjaminchapman My parents routinely leave half-eaten bananas in the bowl for later consumption. Is this risky? Assume 24 hours between splitting and eating the second half. https://t.co/76VwOdFD39" / X
  • Banana peel: a possible source of infection in the treatment of nipple fissures - PubMed
875. OneTrueJustin's Parents Half Eaten Banana
Risky or Not
Download
January 12, 2026 /Don Schaffner
Banana, Time temperature control for safety

ChatGPT image description: A single piece of sushi sits alone on a conveyor belt under a clear plastic dome. The fish looks dull and dried, the rice hardened. Around it, stacks of empty plates and blurred restaurant fixtures emphasize how long the sushi has been circling, forgotten.

873. Leftover Conveyer Belt Sushi

January 07, 2026 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating leftover conveyer belt sushi.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Conveyor Belt Sushi in Japan
  • Conveyor belt sushi - Wikipedia
  • Arrests made after wave of ‘sushi terrorism’ upends Japan’s restaurant industry | Japan | The Guardian
  • Florida Department of Health - Time as a Public Health Control Procedures
873. Leftover Conveyer Belt Sushi
Risky or Not
Download
January 07, 2026 /Don Schaffner
Sushi, Time temperature control for safety

ChatGPT image description: A square close-up shows an opened metal can of caramel sauce left on a kitchen countertop. Thick amber caramel overflows the rim, dripping down the sides and pooling on the surface below. A spoon coated in caramel rests nearby, emphasizing the sticky, glossy texture.

868. Homemade Caramel Sauce Left Out Over Night

December 26, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from leaving homemade caramel sauce out over night.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • David Mitchell (comedian) - Wikipedia
  • Great White North - YouTube
  • Mayor Clint Eastwood | Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
  • Sweetened Condensed Milk Caramel Recipe
  • Shelf stable caramel sauce : r/foodscience
  • Water activity and its relevance
  • Hit Somebody! (The Hockey Song) - YouTube
868. Homemade Caramel Sauce Left Out Over Night
Risky or Not
Download
December 26, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Caramel, Time temperature control for safety

ChatGPT image description: A black crockpot sits unplugged on a countertop, its white power cord coiled beside it. Inside, several chicken breasts rest in chunky red salsa. The scene looks still and slightly concerning, suggesting the food has been left at room temperature all day without cooking. Don's comment: Interesting plug design. Might not have helped to plug this one in.

858. Crockpot Chicken at Room Temperature "All Day"

December 03, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of holding raw chicken at room temperature "all day" before cooking.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • Staphylococcosis in Poultry - Poultry - Merck Veterinary Manual
  • Evaluation of the Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Chicken Fillets and Its Bio-Control Using Different Seaweed Extracts - PMC
858. Crockpot Chicken at Room Temperature "All Day"
Risky or Not
Download
December 03, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Chicken, Delayed cooking, Crockpot, Time temperature control for safety

Figure from Barbut et at., 1987 of hard cooked egg shelf life

825. Air Cooled Hard Boiled Eggs After a Week at Room Temperature

September 17, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating air cooled hard boiled eggs after a week at room temperature.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • 775. Coin in Cup for Freezer Safety After Power Outages — Risky or Not?
  • FDA Food Code | FDA
  • 210. Air cooled hard boiled eggs at room temperature — Risky or Not?
  • 467. Rich's Hard Boiled Eggs (With Bra Egg Bonus) — Risky or Not?
  • Hard-Cooked Egg Shelf Life - ScienceDirect
825. Air Cooled Hard Boiled Eggs After a Week at Room Temperature
Risky or Not
Download


September 17, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Eggs, Hardboiled Eggs, Spoilage, Time temperature control for safety

ChatGPT image text: In a warehouse store, a smiling employee in a red apron offers food samples while a serious professor in a white lab coat studies the setup, arms crossed.

823. Costco Free Food Samples

September 12, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from consuming Costco free food samples.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with in-store sampling of an aged raw-milk Gouda cheese, 2010 - PubMed
  • Are Costco Samples Safe To Eat? Here's What You Need To Know About Hygiene Practices
  • Coronavirus outbreak prompts Costco to stop serving free samples
823. Costco Free Food Samples
Risky or Not
Download
September 12, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Costco, Food samples, Allergy, Time temperature control for safety

DALL·E image text: A ceramic bowl overflows with ripe, red raspberries, sitting on a sunlit kitchen counter. Soft daylight filters through a nearby window, casting a warm, nostalgic glow. The slightly worn surfaces and muted tones of the background contrast with the vivid freshness of the berries, suggesting they were recently picked and forgotten.

811. Raspberries at Room Temperature for About 28 Hours

August 15, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of leaving raspberries at room temperature for about 28 hours.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

811. Raspberries at Room Temperature for About 28 Hours
Risky or Not
Download
August 15, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Raspberries, Time temperature control for safety

DALL·E image text: A golden-crusted loaf of sliced white bread sits on a pastel blue countertop in a cheerful 1950s kitchen, surrounded by mint-green tiles, yellow curtains, and red accents, all bathed in soft daylight, creating a warm, nostalgic atmosphere.

810. White Bread

August 13, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from white bread.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Katie Swanson | LinkedIn
  • Evaluation and Definition of Potentially Hazardous Foods
  • Paul Anthony Hall Obituary - Visitation & Funeral Information
  • Merle Pierson | Food Science & Technology | Virginia Tech
  • group fitness instructors — THE WEIGHT CLUB
  • Bacillus spore contamination associated with commercial bread manufacture - ScienceDirect
  • Contamination profiles and characterisation of Bacillus species in wheat bread and raw materials for bread production - ScienceDirect
  • Genetic diversity and involvement in bread spoilage of Bacillus strains isolated from flour and ropy bread | Letters in Applied Microbiology | Oxford Academic
  • Ropiness in Bread—A Re-Emerging Spoilage Phenomenon - PMC
810. White Bread
Risky or Not
Download
August 13, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Bread, Time temperature control for safety

Six pieces of assorted sushi sit on a beige kitchen counter. The lighting is dim and moody, suggesting the sushi has been left out overnight. The rolls and nigiri look slightly dried, with a soft focus on the background showing tiled walls and part of a stainless steel utensil holder.

808. Sushi Left on the Counter Overnight

August 08, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from eating sushi left on the counter overnight.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • sushi - Risky or Not?
  • 594. Expired Sushi in a Unplugged Refrigerator for 7 Hours — Risky or Not?
  • overnight - Risky or Not?
  • Scombroid fish poisoning: Factors influencing the production of histamine in tuna supply chain. A review - ScienceDirect
  • Scombroid Fish Poisoning Associated with Tuna Steaks --- Louisiana and Tennessee, 2006
808. Sushi Left on the Counter Overnight
Risky or Not
Download
August 08, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Sushi, Histamine, Time temperature control for safety

Instagram screenshot

805. Mamma Birding (Chewing Food for Other People)

August 01, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating food someone else has chewed and sent through the mail to you.

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • Instagram
  • yuck someone's yum - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
  • Nathan For You - Dumb Starbucks - Open for Business - YouTube
  • Dumb Starbucks - Wikipedia
  • What Happened To Stephanie Matto After 90 Day Fiancé: Before The 90 Days Season 4?
  • Stephanie Matto - IMDb
805. Mamma Birding (Chewing Food for Other People)
Risky or Not
Download
August 01, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Cross-contamination, Chewing, Time temperature control for safety

A man walks through a sunlit airport terminal holding a vintage suitcase that's popped open. A full wheel of Saint-Nectaire cheese is slipping out, partially exposed. He appears unaware, continuing forward casually. The scene blends travel routine with unexpected humor, set against a backdrop of windows and lounge seating.

803. Unpasteurized Suitcase Saint Nectaire Cheese

July 28, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of transporting unpasteurized Saint Nectaire Cheese from France to Canada

Dr. Don - risky ☣️
Professor Ben - risky ☣️

  • Saint Nectaire
  • River Cruises - European, Asian, Mississippi & Nile Cruises | Viking®
  • Home - Kinderdijk
  • Dunning–Kruger effect - Wikipedia
  • 729. Eating Raw Milk Gouda Cheese in an Unregulated Brazilian Facility — Risky or Not?
  • Escherichia coli O121 outbreak associated with raw milk Gouda-like cheese in British Columbia, Canada, 2018 - PMC
  • Enumeration of Escherichia coli O157 in Outbreak-Associated Gouda Cheese Made with Raw Milk - ScienceDirect
  • pH and aw Saint-Nectaire
803. Unpasteurized Suitcase Saint Nectaire Cheese
Risky or Not
Download
July 28, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Cheese, Raw milk, pH, Water activity, Time temperature control for safety

An open white cooler sits on the ground, filled with raw chicken pieces. A digital thermometer inserted into one piece reads 67°F. There’s no ice inside, and the cooler appears stained and weathered, suggesting it’s been sitting outdoors for a while during a camping trip.

796. Raw Chicken That Is at 67 °F After More Than 12 Hours

July 11, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating properly cooked chicken that warmed up to 67 °F after about 12 hours prior to cooking.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • ComBase
  • FSIS Cooking Guideline for Meat and Poultry Products (Revised Appendix A) December, 2021
  • Risk Assessment Predicts Most of the Salmonellosis Risk in Raw Chicken Parts is Concentrated in Those Few Products with High Levels of High-Virulence Serotypes of Salmonella - ScienceDirect
  • Dr. Matthew Stasiewicz – Stasiewicz Food Safety Laboratory
796. Raw Chicken That Is at 67 °F After More Than 12 Hours
Risky or Not
Download


July 11, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Chicken, Camping, Time temperature control for safety

A fried egg sizzles in a cast iron skillet filled with dark bacon or sausage grease. The yolk is vibrant and intact, surrounded by bubbly whites. In the background, a small jar of congealed grease sits on a beige cloth, suggesting long-term room temperature storage.

795. Cooking in Bacon and/or Sausage Grease Stored Room Temperature for Up to 30 Days

July 09, 2025 by Don Schaffner

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks from cooking in bacon and/or sausage grease stored room temperature for up to 30 days.

Dr. Don - not risky 👍🏼
Professor Ben - not risky 👍🏼

  • Blackshore (TV Series 2024– ) - IMDb
  • Current Food Safety Issues of Home-prepared Vegetables and Herbs Stored in Oil
  • Risky or Not?
  • Bacon Method
  • The 100 Best Movies of the 21st Century - The New York Times
  • Apple Music 100 Best Albums
795. Cooking in Bacon and/or Sausage Grease Stored Room Temperature for Up to 30 Days
Risky or Not
Download
July 09, 2025 /Don Schaffner
Bacon, Sausage, Grease, Time temperature control for safety
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